In fall 2022, I developed a cough and shortness of breath. My symptoms worsened to fever, cold sweats, fatigue, and severe weakness. As a teacher, I missed weeks of work while seeking answers from medical professionals.
Two pulmonologists diagnosed allergic asthma, dismissing my hunch of valley fever. I was prescribed steroids and antibiotics, but neither treatment helped.
Months later, my condition left me barely able to move or breathe. Finally, Dr. Seth Assar, an Arizona pulmonologist, agreed valley fever was likely. Blood tests confirmed the presence of Coccidioides fungus in my system. Antifungal medication brought immediate relief, and I fully recovered in months.
A misdiagnosis of valley fever can be deadly. As cases rise nationwide, awareness and early diagnosis is essential to public health.
Valley Fever Cases Surge Across the Southwest
Valley fever cases are surging in the southwestern U.S. Arizona saw a 45% increase over last year, with nearly 4,000 new cases. California has also reported rising infections for the past two years. By October 2024, the state recorded almost 10,000 cases, surpassing 2023 totals.
Valley fever, or coccidioidomycosis, is caused by inhaling Coccidioides fungal spores. These fungi live in soil and dust in the Southwest, including Arizona. Cases have now been reported as far north as Washington. Maricopa County accounts for over half of all U.S. cases due to its dry climate.
Most valley fever infections are mild. Yet, a small percentage of patients develop severe illness, which can be life-threatening. No preventive vaccine currently exists.
Symptoms usually appear one to three weeks after exposure and include:
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Muscle aches
- Joint pain
- Headaches
- Night sweats
- Rashes on the upper body or legs
Most people recover without treatment. Those with weak immune systems or asthma may experience prolonged illness. Valley fever symptoms mimic other illnesses, making the illness difficult to diagnose. In rare cases, the fungus spreads to the skin, bones, or brain.
Escalating Threat and New Prevention Efforts
Hotter, drier conditions from climate change are fueling valley fever’s spread. Fortunately, researchers at the University of Arizona have created a vaccine. While designed for dogs, the vaccine could be adapted for humans.
Dogs, cats, and other animals are also vulnerable to valley fever. Like humans, most infected animals recover without treatment. Persistent symptoms require blood tests and antifungal medications.
To protect yourself and your pets, follow these steps:
- Avoid activities that stir up dust.
- Prevent pets from digging or sniffing near rodent holes.
- Keep pets indoors more often than outdoors.
- Use grass or gravel to reduce dust in your yard.
- Wear a mask when working outside.
- Seek testing if symptoms persist.
Simple precautions can reduce the risk of infection for you and your pets.
Conclusion
Valley fever cases are rising across the U.S., driven by climate change. Early diagnosis, prevention, and vaccine development remain critical to stopping its spread. Staying informed and vigilant can help protect human and animal health.
Have an upcoming trip? Passport Health offers a wide variety of options to help keep you safe from disease, including vaccines. Call or book online to schedule your appointment today.
Logan Hamilton is a health and wellness freelance writer for hire. He’s passionate about crafting crystal-clear, captivating, and credible content that elevates brands and establishes trust. When not writing, Logan can be found hiking, sticking his nose in bizarre books, or playing drums in a local rock band. Find him at loganjameshamilton.com.
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